摘要:高中英语语法归纳总结 2019高考英语必背的13个语法考点 为了方便大家在能够更好学习英语语法,下面我为大家整理了
高中英语语法归纳总结 2019高考英语必背的13个语法考点
为了方便大家在能够更好学习英语语法,下面我为大家整理了高中必背英语语法重点知识,供参考!
高考前如何归纳英语语法(英语高考语法知识)
高考前如何归纳英语语法(英语高考语法知识)
高考前如何归纳英语语法(英语高考语法知识)
高中英语语法归纳总结大全 专题一 :定 语 从 句
一、关系代词的定语从句
1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)
who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
whom 指人在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物在从句中作定语
as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词
2、as 的用法
(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个
the same…that 表示同一个
(2)as与which的区别
a、位置不同
as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况
1、.先行词为 all , much, rything, nothing , soming ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.
3、 当先行词是或被形容词修饰时。
4、 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、 当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用that定语从句。
三、只用which不用that的情况
1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
2、 在非限制性定语从句中。
3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
四、只用who不用that的情况
1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。
2、there be 结构中。
3、当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时。
4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。
5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语中)。
6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。
7、who可以非限制性定语从句。
8、先行词是拟人化的名词。
9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。
五、关系副词的定语从句
1、when时间状语
注意:It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略,从句用相应的完成时。
2、where 地点状语
注意:当先行词为模糊的地点时,如point. Situation, case, ition, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.
3、why 原因状语 先行词为reason。
六、介词与关系代词
1、介词如何确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
(2)依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定
(3)根据意思来确定
(4)为了强调某一名词,不定式前加上关系词
2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置
(1)whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
(3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。
3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/sral/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+…+of+which/whom。
七、定语从句中的主谓一致
1、关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致,先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语,从句的动词通常用复数,但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。
八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况
1、当先行词是way,且意为“方式、方法”时,定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:that/in which/不填。
注意:关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,按正常的定语从句分析。
2、当先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用that定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which定语从句。
专题二: 状 语 从 句
一、时间状语从句
1、when的用法
(1)when既可一个持续性动作,也可一个短暂性动作,可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作,有时还可表示从句动作后于主句,意为“当。。。时候”。
(2)when在be about to do。。。when。。。,be doing。。。when。。。,had done。。。when。。。,be on one’s way。。。when。。。,be on the point of doing。。。when。。。等结构中,作“那时突然”讲。
(3)when “既然、鉴于;尽管,虽然(位于主句之后);如果”
2、while的用法
(1)表示“当。。。时候”,的动作必须是延续性的。
(2)用作并列连词,表示相对关系“然而”。
(3)让步状语从句,相当于although,意为“虽然”,位于主句前。
(4)条件状语从句,相当于as/so long as,意为“只要”。
3、as 的用法
(1)表示“当。。。时候”,强调同时发生,不指先后。
(2)说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,表示“随着”,表示时间的推移。
(3)表示“一边。。。一边。。。”。
(4)强调两个动作紧接着发生。
(5)表示“虽然,尽管”。
(6)其他含义“正如,正像”,“作为”,“由于,因为”。
4、before的用法
(1)一般意为“在。。。之前”“。。。才”,“。。。就”“还没有。。。”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可,宁愿”,“否则,要不然”。
(2)It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中,意为“多长时间之后才”;在否定句中,意为“用不了多长时间就”。
5、until和till
(1)与肯定句连用,必须是延续性动词。
(2)与否定句连用,必须是非延续性动词,表示“直到。。。才,在。。。之前不。。。”。
注意:not until可用于强调句和倒装句
强调句:It is/was not until…that…倒装句:not until 放句首时,主句要部分倒装。
6、since的用法
(1)since后是非延续性动词,时间起点从该动作发生算起,意为“做某事多久了”;since后是延续性动词,时间起点从该动作结束算起,意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。
(2)It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时
7、表示“一......就......”的句型
(1)as soon as, once,immediay,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译作“一。。。就。。。”,这类从句中,经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
(2)on doing sth.或“on one’s+名词”作时间状语。
8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用,时间状语从句。
注意:时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间,可用一般现在时态表示。但when名词性从句时,从句中要使用将来时。
二、地点状语从句
1、地点状语从句由where,wherr。
注意:where与where的区别:Where表特定的地点,而wherr表示非特定的地点。
Wherr=to/at any place where
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
Where定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先行词。
三、原因状语从句
词:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that
注意:for也可以表示原因,属并列连词,但不是说明直接原因,而是对某种情况加以推断,用于表示补充说明理由。
四、目的状语从句
词:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that(以便,为了),in case,for fear that,lest(以免,以防),
目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would等。
注意:1、in case 还可表示“万一,如”。
2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替,但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
五、结果状语从句
词:so...that(如此。。。以至于。。。),such...that(如此。。。以至于。。。),so that(结果是),with the result that(所以,结果是)
注意:(1)so...that与such...that的区别
So+形容词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
So+形容词+a/an+单数名词such+形容词+复数名词
So+副词such+形容词+不可数名词
So many/few+复数名词
So much/little+不可数名词
(2)so that的目的状语从句与so that 的结果状语从句
目的状语从句一般使用情态动词,结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词;
结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。
(3)so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as
六、条件状语从句
词:if(如果),unless(除非),if only(只要,但愿),only if(只有),in case(万一),supe/suping(that)
(设),provided/providing(that)(只要,若),on condition that(要是,在。。。条件下),so/as long as(只要),(let's/let us)say(设)
七、方式状语从句
词:as(像。。。一样,正如。。。),as if/as though(好像,宛如)
注意:1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
2、as if, as though的从句若与事实相反,用虚拟语气;若与事实相符,不用虚拟语气。
八、让步状语从句
词:though/although/as(虽然,尽管),n if/though(即使,尽管),wher/no matter wher...or(not)
(不管。。。是否,不管是。。。还是)wh-r/no matter wh-(无论。。。)
注意:(1)though,although,as的区别
A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nrtheless,但不可使用but。
B、though的从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装;as的从句必须倒装;although的从句不能倒装。
其结构为:形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词(无冠词)+as/though+主语+谓语……
(2)though可用作副词,放在句末,意为“不过,但是”。Although无此用法。
(3)某些短语也让步的从句或短语,意为“尽管”,如:in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that)
九、比较状语从句
词:as...as(和。。。一样),not as/so...as(和。。。不一样),than(比),the more...the more...(越。。。越。。。)
十、状语从句中的省略问题
1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致,同时从句中又含有系动词be,则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be,留下其余部分。
2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。
专题三:名 词 性 从句
一、that 从句
1、主语从句
(1)that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,sible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句
It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句
It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句
(2)that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。
2、宾语从句
(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, beli, l, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。
3、表语从句(that不可省略)
4、同位语从句
连词that同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, sibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。
二、wher/if从句
1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用wher不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,只能用wher不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用wher或if均可;discuss后宾语从句时,必须用wher。
2、在宾语从句中:
(1)及物动词后:wher从句中不能有否定式,宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与or not连用,但可以用wher or not;wher后可以加不定式。
(2)介词后:只能用wher,不用if。
三、特殊疑问词的从句
1、主语从句:特殊疑问词主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。
2、宾语从句
(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词的宾语从句的动词有see, l, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, rm, aise等。
(2)作介词宾语。
3、同位语从句、表语从句
四、名词性关系从句
What=the thing(s) which/that, whor=anyone who, whichr=anyone/anything that, whatr=anything that, where=the place where, when=the time when
2019高考英语必背的13个语法考点大全
当否定副词nr置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为BA)
(1) Nr in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
(2) Nr before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为DD)
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his ry move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(2) They he a good knowledge of English but little _________ they know about German (天津卷)
A. he B. did C. had D. do
3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为BA)
(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.
A. we receive B. do we receive
C. we received D. did we receive
(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.
A. he I read B. I he read C. had I read D. I had read.
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如:(为A)
Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. he the reached D. they he reached
5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如:(分别为AC)
(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A. he I started B. I he started
C. had I started D. I had started
6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为A)
Maybe you he been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于 句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为D)
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一 般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为B)
_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时,其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为B)
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。 如:(为DA)
(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its aantage over other companies. (浙江卷)
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为BB)
(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for a. (广东卷)
A. I did find B. did I find C. I he found D. he I found
12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为 “……也一样”“……也是如此”。如:(为CA)
(1) — My room gets very cold at night.
— _________. (江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(2) —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. _________ yesterday. (福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装
nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如:(为B)
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________. (全国II)
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
高三英语的语法知识点归纳
高二英语 在整个高中英语中占有非常重要的地位,既是高二又是整个高中阶段的重难点,所以要保持良好的学习心态和正确的 学习 方法 。下面就是我给大家带来的 高三英语 语法知识点,希望对大家有所帮助!
高三英语语法知识点1
一、不定式做主语:
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的,经常的动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to beli. (对等)
注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2). 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:
(1)It is/was +adj.+of . to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for .+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
注意: probable 和 sible 均可作表语,但sible可以用不定式作真实主语, 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错)
It is sible for him to come to the meeting.
It is sible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
高三英语语法知识点2
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在 句子 中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语).有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(he,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,not,observe).再加上 somebody(to)do soming和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do soming 与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,aise, practise,oid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 为了容易记住,也可以编成 顺口溜 :“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”.其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
aise/suggest, oid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't /can’t stand.
二、复合句
1、学生容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别.
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprised rybody here. (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位.因为定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用.
2、接着容易混淆的是定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)级:which之前是介词 短语 与逗号(非限制性).
例如:A、All that we he to do is to practise ry day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will nr be forgotten.
C、I he lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后.
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是:无助(no )、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a er).
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.
例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意与定语从句的区别.
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)
在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.
四、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(a.)介(prep.)提前全倒装, 其它 句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不
倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)
D、Nr shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)
G、Only he can se the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)
H、Not only will be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)
五、虚拟语气
虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下:纯设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,aise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do). 下面举例说明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would he the metting. (条件句虚拟)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should lee)now.(特殊从句虚拟)
F、I would rather you ge me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room ryday,(主语从句虚拟)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)
高三英语语法知识点3
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, wher (if) 的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder wher you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, ade, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, , take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that的宾语从句。如:
正确表达:I ade their winning the match.
错误表达:I ade that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, aise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He impressed the mar as an honest man.
错误表达:He impressed the mar that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, supe, beli, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1) The question is wher we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that,例如:
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将 出国 。)(个that的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
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高考英语13个语法考点 高中英语重点语法知识归纳
很多高中生不知道英语语法方面有哪些重点知识,高考英语经常出现的语法考点有哪些呢?下面我为大家介绍一下!
高考容易出现的13个语法知识总结 1. 考查nr置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nr置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为BA)
(1) Nr in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
(2) Nr before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为DD)
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his ry move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(2) They he a good knowledge of English but little _________ they know about German (天津卷)
A. he B. did C. had D. do
3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(分别为BA)
(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.
A. we receive B. do we receive
C. we received D. did we receive
(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.
A. he I read B. I he read C. had I read D. I had read.
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如:(为A)
Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. he the reached D. they he reached
5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如:(分别为AC)
(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A. he I started B. I he started
C. had I started D. I had started
6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为A)
Maybe you he been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于 句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为D)
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一 般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为B)
_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时,其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为B)
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。 如:(为DA)
(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its aantage over other companies. (浙江卷)
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如:(为BB)
(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for a. (广东卷)
A. I did find B. did I find C. I he found D. he I found
12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为 “……也一样”“……也是如此”。如:(为CA)
(1) — My room gets very cold at night.
— _________. (江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(2) —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. _________ yesterday. (福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装
nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如:(为B)
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________. (全国II)
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
高考英语语法重点归纳总结 一、名词和冠词
考点有名词的可数与不可数,名词的格,名词作定语,冠词的考点是,定冠词与不定冠词,零冠词。
二:代词和it的用法
一般常考的是other,another,the other,others的区别,both,either,neither,all,ry,each,none的区别,还有soming,anything,rything的用法(这个比较简单)这一块难的应该是it,that,one作代词时的区别了。
三、介词和连词
一般考动词的固定搭配,in,at,for,to,of,on,with,about,from,into,after···常用介词.连词常考得应该是“除此之外”了,expect,expect for,besides,还有表原因的连词;as,for,since,because的区别。
四、形容词和副词
这一块比较简单常考的就是比较级了,其次是以ly结尾但不是副词的词了,比如说friendly是形容词,形容词的排序问题在今年的高考中也出现了,不过这个是基础但不是重点。
五、动词和动词短语
这个考点是重点,在完形填空及改错和单选中是必考的,这个只能靠你自己的积累,课本中的动词短语是重点,必须记下来。
六、情态动词和虚拟语气,常见的情态动词就够应付考试了,虚拟语气是高中语法的难点但不是重点。
七、动词的时态和语态(就是主动句和被动句)时态有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,现在进行表将来,一般现在表将来,过去将来时(一般不考),现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时(现在很常考)。
八、非谓语动词
动名词作主语,不定式作主语,动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语,动名词作定语,不定式做定语,这一块也比较简单九:数词和主谓一致,数词的考点;基数词,序数词,分数,百分数,(这一块既不是难点也不是重点),主谓一致在以前比较重要,现在地位有所下降。
高考英语必备的语法知识点
高考是全面系统的一次考试,英语科目的高考考察就是我们学生平时学过的知识和掌握的语法知识。下面是我为大家整理的高考英语必备的语法与知识点,希望对大家有用!
高考英语语法知识点
一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They nr drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediay, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型:
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t not it.
I forgot to l you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
高考英语知识要点
1.表示“大量、许多”
可数:number/many/dozen/a great number 不可数:a great deal/amount/much 都可以:plenty of/lot/quantity/mass
2.可以修饰形容词比较级:far/n/any/much/rather/a bit/a lot
3.lie躺-lay-lain-lying 撒谎-lied-lied-lying
Lay下蛋-laid-laid-laying
4.can表示能力,be able to表示经过努力,有时态变化
5.receive强调客观接收,accept强调主观接受
6.on account of因为,由于;account for说明原因解释
7.accuse of指控某人,sue指控
8.add to增加扩大,add up加起来,add up to总共总计
9.afford负担得起,抽得出时间
10.after以过去为起点,用于过去时态,in以将来为起点,用于将来时态
11.ago与过去时连用,before与过去完成时连用
12.in all总计全部,all in all总的说来,at all一点,not at all一点也不
13.almost后接no,none,nothing,nr,但不能用not修饰,nearly可以用not修饰 more than和too等词前面用almost,不用nearly
14.always与not连用表示未必、有时,例如Crows are not always black.乌鸦未必是黑 色的。
15.be amused at/by/with以?为乐
16.announce指个人郑重其事的宣布,declare指宣布、和平、意见、中立等 Declare后不加不定式
17.表示渴望:long for/be anxious for/in anxiety of/he an appetite for/be eager to do/ger for/sick for;为某事担忧be anxious about
高考英语知识点
(一)段首句
1. 关于??人们有不同的观点。一些人认为??
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说(常言道)??,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,howr,it is correct in many cases n today.
3. 现在,??,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,??;其次,??。更为糟糕的是??。
Today, ____, which he brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在,??很普遍,许多人喜欢??,因为??,另外(而且)??。
Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性,??也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both aantages and disaantages.
6. 关于??人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)??,在他们看来,??
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个的问题??,这个问题变得越来越。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
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怎么样总结英语语法知识
英语语法知识的总结:按分类方式好些。
(1)按词类:10大词类----代词、名词、动词、数次、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、感叹词
等。
(2)按句法:句型--- 主宾表;主谓宾;主谓宾补;主谓双宾;主谓等。
(3)按句式:简单句;并列句;主从复合句。
(4)按语法:动词的时态和语态;冠词的用法;主谓一致;非谓语动词的正确使用;强调句;省略句;倒装句;虚拟语气;日常交际用语等。
高考英语怎么学好词汇和语法?
一、词汇积累的作用及方法
词汇是语言的核心。
我们都知道,任何语言的学习,起初都是词汇的积累和再应用的过程。这是铁定的事实。在进入这个话题之前,我们必须首先明确英语学习的态度。积极的态度能取得事半功倍的效果。英语学习是一项需要全身心投入的事业。它不是坚持数十天就能打赢的一场战斗,而是数十年不断追求,才可能有所小成的一场持久战。或者说,是没有尽头的马拉松比赛,只有对英语的热爱,才能支持你不断地努力。所以学习英语要有积极正确的态度。不急不躁,稳扎稳打,一步一个脚印,向前迈进。
理论研究证明,记忆单词的办法就是与一个单词“多见面”。在不同时空,与同一个单词约会七次,足以爱其声,知其形。
与同一个单词约会七次的方法:根据艾宾浩斯的记忆遗忘曲线,新学的知识在天之内的遗忘率,在第2、3天之后遗忘率逐渐降低。所以当天记过的单词要及时复习。方法:次记完一个新的单词,当天一定要复习1-2次;然后在第2、3、7、15、30天各复习一次(共7次),再加上平时阅读时多留意这些新记单词的用法,就不会忘记了。
具体记单词的方法:除了我们常用的根据读音规则记忆法;同义、近义、反义词记忆法;联系记忆法;构词法记忆法等方法之外,今天主要给大家介绍另外几种单词的记忆方法。
1.使用分类群记,形成单词链。
联想是记忆的伙伴。分类群记,主要在于对一定数量的单词,通过仔细的观察,寻找其相关切入点,如同找一条线,把珠子串起来。就单纯记忆单词,这的确是个好办法。分类的根本依据:
话题。与同一话题相关的单词,自然成为一个词簇。可以随着词汇量的增加,不断放射,伸展。
词缀。以同样的方法构成的一组单词,通过比较认识,不但有利于掌握构成方法,而且可以进一步形成更广泛的联系。
词性。对于一组单词中,少数的几个单词,可以用词性相联系。
拼写。字母组成上的特点,是直观的外在表现。
词语接龙。
2.加强短文背诵,增强“词不离句”意识。
背诵是非常原始的英语学习方法,但也是非常积极、有效的学习方法。优选一些名家名篇,做为背诵的素材;或从课文中精选一些精悍之作,作为研习的精典,不但能够迅速提高语感,而且容易激发兴趣,形成活生生的词库,为单词的准确使用打下良好的基础。所以“背”只是方式,“用”方为根本。如果在背诵的过程中,能够用心体会语言的基本组成规律,琢磨“说”的方法与技巧,摸出“洋味”十足的真谛,英语还愁学不地道吗?一个单词有数种意思,但是在一个具体的语境中,它的意思又是一定的`。所以说,“背”单词,怎么能和“背”句子相比呢?“背”短文当是学英语一绝,这不难理解吧?
3.勤归纳和总结,吃透固定搭配。
勤归纳总结,能有效地帮助我们熟悉固定搭配,通过联想,类比,思辨,抗击遗忘,当然也提高了记忆的效率。但是,“记”只能是“记”,是记忆过程一个粗浅的层面。“吃透”是量变过程中的质变。
4.灵活使用词典,突破高频词。
英汉词典是英语学习者的必备工具。如果逢词必查,必然造成对词典的过分依赖,同时也形成阅读过程中一个明显的心理障碍,即没有词典就难以成读。要知道,放弃积极思考的学习,知识的种子既不会开花,更不会结果。但是对于极个别的高频词,如果不去查词典,单靠学习过程中的自然积累,难免捉襟见肘,一次性的积极查阅,能够铺就阅读过程的坦荡之途。
5.通过阅读增加词汇。
词汇可靠的办法就是阅读,只有通过大量的阅读,并注意所学词汇的具体用法,才能真正地掌握词汇。
二、语法知识的积累
英语的语法知识太碎,应怎样积累和安排时间?
除了在课堂上认真听讲,课后多做相关的练习之外,你还可以给自己准备了一个小本子,专门记载那些你不熟悉的零碎语法知识点,一条一条有秩序地记上,然后利用早读、课间、等车等人、睡觉前这些点滴时间反复看,多看几次,久而久之,很多语法知识点就记得又牢固。记住的你就把它划去,就这样反复地往上记新的,同时划去已经记住的旧的,后来记上去新的越来越少,因为很多东西你已经很熟悉了,后这个本子上的知识点不多划完了,自己的语法底子已经变得非常雄厚,做语法专项练习简直是小菜一碟,你会有一种天下的感觉。
三、如何做好错题的积累
一个完整的错题积累过程应该包括:
1.原题的抄写。
2.用铅笔在空格中写出正确。这样在以后的复习中参看错题本的时候,可以擦掉重新做,考考自己。
3.用红笔在原题的下面,写出这个题背后的语言规则。起到举一反三的效果。
4.重点笔记的积累。很多题,也许同学们做对了,但是背后的语言规则,其实自己是不熟悉的,那么就需要你把它书面化,帮助自己记忆起来。
总之,在英语学习中积累是相当重要的一环,每一个学海寻珍、书山探宝的同学都应牢记:通过不断的积累,定能使自己的知识逐渐丰富起来,成为浩瀚的大海,成为峭拔的高山。